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The Sewing Machine Combination was the first patent pool in US history. It was formed by the "Albany Agreement" of 24 October 1856 and lasted until its last patent expired in 1877.〔Lampe, R., Moser, P. "Do Patent Pools Encourage Innovation? Evidence from the 19th-Century Sewing Machine Industry" (2009)〕 It existed for the purpose of reducing the licensing and litigation overhead being imposed by the patent thicket known as the Sewing machine war. Its four member companies were: * Isaac Singer's Singer Manufacturing Company * Elias Howe's Howe Machine Company * Wheeler & Wilson * Grover & Baker In addition to its four member companies, dozens of other companies licensed its patents, for which they paid royalties and submitted annual production reports.〔Johnson's New Universal Cyclopaedia, volume S-Z page 210, retrieved 2010-08-09 from http://books.google.com/books?id=KmYMAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA208&dq=new+universal+cyclopaedia+volume+6〕 ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sewing Machine Combination」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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